Muaddib: Journal of Arabic Language and Literature

ARABIC LEXICAL CHANGE IN THE DIGITAL ERA: NEOLOGISMS, SEMANTIC SHIFTS, AND SOCIAL MEDIA ADAPTATION

Ismail Ubaidillah — 2026-08-30

This study examines Arabic lexical change on social media, focusing on lexical innovation, linguistic adaptation, and the sociolinguistic practices that accompany the development of digital Arabic. The study employs a narrative literature review with a systematic search and screening procedure covering studies published between 2015 and 2025. Relevant literature was identified through academic databases using search terms related to Arabic lexical innovation, digital Arabic, neologisms, Arabish, and semantic shift. The selected literature was analyzed thematically to identify patterns of direct borrowing and Arabization, digital neologism formation, semantic change, and the use of Arabish and emerging digital varieties. The findings show that social media has accelerated the incorporation of foreign lexical items into Arabic through phonetic transliteration, semantic translation, and morphological adaptation. At the same time, Arabic speakers have developed neologisms such as منشور (manshūr), متابع (mutābiʿ), and تغريدة (taghrīdah) to express emerging digital practices. Existing Arabic words may also acquire new meanings in digital contexts, while Arabish, characterized using Latin letters and numerical representations, reflects patterns of digital communication and identity. Overall, Arabic demonstrates substantial lexical adaptability while maintaining an ongoing tension between standard Arabic norms, colloquial usage, and global digital communication.

RHETORICAL TRANSFER LOCALIZATION: THE JOURNEY OF MAJAZ FROM ARABIC TI PERSIAN (11th-14th CENTURIES)

Mohammad Osman Mehedi — 2026-09-01

The transfer of Arabic rhetorical concepts into Persian literary theory represents a significant process of intellectual and literary exchange in the medieval Islamicate world. This study examines how majāz and related rhetorical figures, including tashbīh, istiʿārah, kināyah, and laff wa al-nashr, were transmitted, reinterpreted, and creatively localized in Persian rhetoric from the fifth to the eighth centuries AH (eleventh–fourteenth centuries CE). Employing a historical-comparative and textual-analytical method, the study compares selected passages from three major Arabic rhetorical works—al-Jāḥiẓ’s Al-Bayān wa al-Tabyīn, Ibn al-Muʿtazz’s Al-Badīʿ, and al-Jurjānī’s Asrār al-Balāghah—with three foundational Persian works: Rādūyānī’s Tarjumān al-Balāghah, Waṭwāṭ’s Ḥadāʾiq al-Siḥr, and Shams Qays al-Rāzī’s al-Muʿjam. The findings reveal that Persian rhetoricians did not merely borrow Arabic rhetorical categories but selectively appropriated and reformulated them according to Persian linguistic structures and poetic conventions. The treatment of laff wa al-nashr particularly illustrates this creative localization through more complex patterns of arrangement and inverted correspondence. The study concludes that rhetorical transfer functioned as a process of transformation rather than simple transmission, demonstrating that cross-linguistic exchange generated new forms of rhetorical knowledge within Persian literary theory.

THE DOMINANCE OF ‘AMMIYYAH ARABIC AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES AMONG STUDENT INTERNS IN INTERACTIONS WITH STUDENTS AT THE INDONESIAN SCHOOL IN MECCA

Achsani Taqwim Zidni — 2026-08-30

Arabic diglossia, the duality between formal literary Arabic (Fusha) and colloquial dialects (Amiyah), introduces intricate communicative challenges at Sekolah Indonesia Makkah (SIM). This study aims to investigate the social realities of Arabic diglossia, examine linguistic adaptation strategies, and analyze socio-cultural factors driving Amiyah's dominance. Utilizing a phenomenological sociolinguistic approach, this study examined 2 (two) Indonesian student interns teaching at SIM. Data were collected through 30-45 minute in-depth interviews, yielding 14 key thematic quotes—and documentation. Findings reveal a pervasive dominance of Amiyah in daily interactions and formal instruction, where even native teachers resort to colloquial forms. Students displayed significant barriers in acquiring Fusha vocabulary (e.g., prioritizing "wein" over "aina"). Interns experienced profound language shock due to the stark misalignment between theoretical Fusha and colloquial realities, adapting through strategic code-switching and code-mixing. Consequently, Arabic as a Foreign Language (AFL) pedagogy must integrate communicative competence alongside classical grammar to prepare learners for real-world interactions.

THE EFFECT OF ARABIC SONGS ON STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TO LEARN ARABIC AT MTS TAKHASSUS AL-QUR’AN

Muhammad Zainul Fadhil — 2026-08-30

This study It aimed to identify students’ motivation before and after the intervention, compare motivation between experimental and control classes, and examine the effectiveness of Arabic songs in supporting learning motivation. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and Non-Equivalent Control Group Design was employed. The participants were 60 Grade 8 students, divided equally into experimental and control classes. Data were collected through a 20-item learning motivation questionnaire and classroom observations. The questionnaire was developed based on Sardiman’s concept of learning motivation and Gardner’s perspective on second-language motivation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, and an Independent Samples t-test. The results showed that the experimental class’s mean motivation score increased from 68.2 to 82.4, while the control class increased from 67.5 to 72.1. The significance value of 0.001 (< 0.05) indicated a significant difference between the two groups. The findings were interpreted using Gardner’s motivation theory and Krashen’s Input Hypothesis, which emphasize motivational engagement and meaningful exposure to comprehensible language input.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REWARD AND PUNISHMENT AND STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN LEARNING ARABIC AT SMP IT ANUGRAH HIDAYAH MAKASSAR

Dinul Qayyimah — 2026-08-30

This study aims to examine and analyze the relationship between the implementation of reward and punishment and student's interest in learning Arabic at SMP IT Anugrah Hidayah Makassar. The study employed a quantitative correlational approach to investigate the effects of implementing reward and punishment on student's interest in learning Arabic. The sample consisted of 44 students, and data were co;;ected through questionnaires. The analytical methods include validity and reliability tests, classical assumsion tests, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing (t-test), and simultaneous F-test. The findings indicate that the implementation of reward (X1) has a positive and significant effect on student's interest in learning Arabic (Y), with a coefficient value of 0,544. Meanwhile, the implementation of punishment (X2) has a positive but insignificant effect on student's interest in learning Arabic (Y). Furthermore, the implementation of reward (X1) and punishment (X2) simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on student's interest in learning Arabic (Y).

PATTERNS OF I‘LĀL BI AL-IBDĀL IN FI‘L MĀḌĪ AND FI‘L MUḌĀRI‘ FORMS OF JAWĀHIR AL-KALĀMIYYAH

Ikhfanul Chakiki — 2026-04-30

Arabic morphology or ṣarf, has a regular system of word formation, one of which occurs through the process of i‘lāl bi al-ibdāl, namely the substitution of letters in certain morphological environments. This study aims to identify the forms of i‘lāl bi al-ibdāl in fi‘l māḍī and fi‘l muḍāri‘ in Kitab Jawāhir al-Kalāmiyyah and to explain the rules governing their changes. This study employs a qualitative approach with library research as its research type. The data were collected through documentation and analyzed using content analysis and morphological analysis. The results show that there are 115 occurrences of i‘lāl bi al-ibdāl, consisting of 82 occurrences in fi‘l māḍī and 33 occurrences in fi‘l muḍāri‘. In fi‘l māḍī, the findings include 58 cases of thulāthī mujarrad, 16 cases of thulāthī mazīd biharfin,and 8 cases of thulāthī mazīd biharfaini. In fi‘l muḍāri‘, the findings include 20 cases of thulāthī mujarrad, 9 cases of thulāthī mazīd biharfin, and 4 cases of thulāthī mazīd biharfaini. The forms of change found include the substitution of yā’ into alif, wāw into alif, hamzah into alif, wāw into tā’, and tā’ into dālaccompanied by idghām. These findings indicate that i‘lāl bi al-ibdāl in Kitab Jawāhir al-Kalāmiyyah occurs systematically and in accordance with the rules of ṣarf.

THE AESTHETICS OF BALAGHAH AND MEANING EXPLANATION IN CLASSICAL ARABIC POETRY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE QASIDA SHAUTU SHAFIRI AL-BULBULI

Firmansah Setia Budi — 2026-04-30

Studies on Arabic literature, particularly classical Arabic poetry, remain relatively limited within the Indonesian academic context. This condition has resulted in a low level of familiarity among students of Arabic language programs, both in Arabic Language and Literature and Arabic Language Education, with early Arabic poetry, which often leads to difficulties in understanding its meanings and linguistic aesthetics. This study aims to contribute to facilitating students’ general understanding of classical Arabic poetry, while also revealing its aesthetic dimensions through an analysis of the asalib balaghiyah contained therein. This research employs a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative analysis through a library research approach and quantitative percentage calculations. Data were collected through documentation by examining various literary sources relevant to the research theme. The results indicate that there are 22 instances of asalib balaghiyah found in the qashidah Shautu Shafiri Al-Bulbuli by Al-Ashma’iy, consisting of 8 instances of uslub majaz, 7 of uslub tasybih, 5 of uslub ithnab, and 2 of uslub kinayah. These findings demonstrate that Al-Ashma’iy tends to employ metaphorical expressions (majaz) more dominantly than other types of asalib balaghiyah in the qashidah.

ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING MODEL: STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING QUR’ANIC SEMANTICCOMPETENCE AMONG UMMAHĀT

Rahman Hakim — 2026-04-30

Quranic Arabic learning for ummahāt (mothers) is often hindered by domestic time constraints and the prevalence of rigid syntactic approaches, which fail to bridge the gap between literal translation and contextual understanding. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of an asynchronous learning model focused on semantic strategies to address these accessibility and cognitive barriers. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach with a case study design, data were gathered through participatory observation on YouTube and WhatsApp, semi-structured interviews, and learning documentation. The results indicate that the asynchronous transformation provides cognitive flexibility, allowing learners to engage in self-reflection on vocabulary (mufradāt), meanings (ma’āny), and concise exegesis (tafsīr ijmāly) within their domestic schedules. This model effectively internalizes Quranic values through repetitive multimedia exposure, shifting the learning focus from literal translation to tadabbur (reflective contemplation). The study concludes that digital learning serves as an innovative solution to bridge the gap in Arabic literacy and textual comprehension among ummahāt.

EXPLORATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF CHARACTERS IN THE SHORT STORY "SYAHRAZAD" BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF LITERARY PSYCHOLOGY

Fikri Haikal — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze the psychological dynamics of the characters in the short story Syahrazad through a literary psychology approach. This approach is used to examine the psychological construction of the characters reflected in the narrative, particularly those related to inner conflict, motivation, traumatic experiences, and the expression of the characters' personalities throughout the story. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with text analysis techniques as the main data source. The analysis focuses on the central characters and the psychological dynamics that influence their development in the story. The results show that the characters in the short story Syahrazad represent the complexity of emotions and psychological conditions characterized by ambivalence between hope and fear, courage and vulnerability. In addition, the use of symbolism, storytelling techniques, and the development of the storyline also strengthen the representation of the psychological dimensions of the characters in depth. These findings emphasize that literary works function not only as aesthetic products, but also as reflective media capable of representing human psychological dynamics in a subtle and profound manner.

BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN “UMARAH” BY KAMIL KAILANI: A SKINNERIAN ANALYSIS

Izzat Imaniya — 2026-04-30

This study discusses the behavioral changes experienced by the main character in the short story Umarah by Kamil Kailani. Umarah is portrayed as a lazy and annoying child who often makes his mother angry. His negative behavior gradually changes after receiving stimuli from his environment, including his mother, workplace, and the Sultan of the kingdom. The stimuli received by Umarah produce responses that contribute to the process of behavioral change within himself. Through various experiences, Umarah and his mother eventually enjoy a better life with the Sultan in the kingdom. This study aims to describe the stimuli, responses, and effects experienced by the main character in the short story Umarah based on the behaviorism theory of Burrhus Frederic Skinner. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using reading and note-taking techniques for data collection. The results show that the main character receives twelve stimuli from his environment, and these stimuli generate responses that shape the process of behavioral change within Umarah. This study implies that the environment plays an important role in shaping individual behavior. Future studies are recommended to examine psychological aspects or moral values in other works by Kamil Kailani.

MAJĀZ IN ARABIC AND PASHTO: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN LIGHT OF THE INFLUENCE OF ARABIC RHETORIC

Ismail Shinwari — 2026-04-30

This study explores majāz (figurative language) in Arabic and Pashto, focusing on its conceptualization, classification, and usage. As a central element in balāghah (rhetoric), majāz functions to convey meanings beyond literal interpretation. This research aims to examine the similarities and differences between the two languages while identifying the influence of Arabic rhetorical tradition on Pashto. Using a qualitative descriptive-comparative approach based on library research, the study analyzes data from classical Arabic rhetorical works and Pashto linguistic literature. The findings indicate that both languages share a similar definition of majāz as a word used beyond its original meaning with a contextual indicator (qarīnah) preventing literal interpretation. Moreover, both traditions classify majāz into comparable categories, particularly istiʿārah (metaphor) and majāz mursal (metonymy). However, minor differences are observed in stylistic usage and contextual application. The study further reveals that Pashto rhetoric is significantly influenced by Arabic balāghah, especially in conceptual frameworks and classification systems. Thus, the relationship between the two is not merely one of similarity, but also of intellectual influence and conceptual transfer.

AN ANALYSIS OF KHALIL GIBRAN’S POEM AL-UMM USING ROMAN JAKOBSON’S FORMALIST THEORY

Yusril Muhammad Nur — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze Khalil Gibran’s poem Al-Umm (الأم) using Roman Jakobson’s formalist theory, with particular emphasis on the poetic function and the linguistic representation of maternal love and a child’s affection toward the mother. The research adopts a qualitative interpretive approach that relies on close textual analysis to explore meaning as constructed through internal linguistic and stylistic features rather than external historical or biographical contexts. The primary data source is the poem Al-Umm, while data collection was conducted through careful reading and systematic note-taking. In this analysis, data reduction refers to the process of selecting, classifying, and focusing on relevant linguistic elements—such as figurative language, repetition, and imagery—that are directly related to Jakobson’s formalist framework. Data were then analyzed through interpretative procedures followed by conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the poem highlights the role and character of a mother in shaping her children, as well as the emotional responses of children toward their mother, conveyed through expressive and symbolic language. To enhance its aesthetic structure and thematic depth, the poem employs six major language styles: poetic exaggeration (hyperbole), simile, repetition, anecdotal expression, representation or imagery, and associative language.

SEMANTIC SHIFTS IN LABĪD IBN RABĪʿAH’S POETRY FROM JĀHILIYYAH TO EARLY ISLAM

Amanda Rheyna Athaya — 2026-04-30

This study examines semantic shifts in the poetry of Labīd ibn Rabīʿah, a prominent pre-Islamic poet who later embraced Islam, through the lens of Stephen Ullmann’s historical semantic theory. The research aims to investigate how Labīd’s lexical choices reflect the cultural and ideological transition from the Jāhiliyyah period to early Islam. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with a historical-semantic approach, the study analyzes selected verses composed after Labīd’s conversion, integrating semantic and contextual interpretation. The findings reveal multiple types of semantic change, including amelioration, pejoration, broadening, narrowing, and complete semantic shift, indicating a substantial transformation in Labīd’s diction as his worldview evolved from tribal heroism and material values toward faith-based moral principles. Lexical items such as al-anyāb (الأنياب), aswad (أسود), hirāwah (هِراوة), yajūd (يَجود), and al-ḍujūʿ (الضجوع) exemplify how meaning developed in parallel with broader socio-religious change. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of Labīd’s pre-Islamic and early Islamic lexicon using Ullmann’s framework—an approach rarely employed in previous scholarship—and in its systematic mapping of semantic patterns within an ideological context. This research contributes to historical semantic studies of Arabic poetry by bridging linguistic analysis with cultural and religious transformation.

I'LAL AND IBDAL IN THE POETRY OF AHMED SHAWQI (AN ANALYTICAL MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY)

Millah Hanifah — 2026-04-30

Arabic linguistics encompasses a broad range of disciplines traditionally classified into thirteen branches, including morphology and syntax as the core of grammatical studies, as well as semantics, rhetoric, prosody, rhyme, literary history, and lexicology. Among these branches, morphology occupies a central position because it examines the structural formation of Arabic words, covering original and additional letters, sound and weak letters, and their various morphological patterns. Within this field, the phenomena of iʿlāl and ibdāl are particularly important, as they function not only as morphological processes but also as aesthetic and phonological devices that support rhythmic balance in Arabic poetry. Iʿlāl refers to changes involving weak letters to meet linguistic or metrical requirements, whereas ibdāl involves the substitution of one letter for another to achieve phonetic harmony. This study aims to identify the forms of words containing iʿlāl and ibdāl in the poetry of Ahmad Shawqi and to analyze the factors that cause their occurrence as well as their effects on word formation. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach supported by analytical methods applied to selected poetic verses. The findings reveal several categories of iʿlāl in Shawqi’s poetry, including 30 instances of iʿlāl bi al-qalb, 5 instances of iʿlāl bi al-ḥadhf, 1 instance of iʿlāl bi al-taskīn, 2 instances of iʿlāl bi al-qalb wa al-ḥadhf, and 1 instance of iʿlāl bi al-taskīn wa al-qalb. This study is expected to contribute to the enrichment of morphological and stylistic studies in Arabic literary research.

AN ANALYSIS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC AND LEXICAL ERRORS IN WRITTEN ARABIC

Nuraini Iqomi Sholawati — 2026-04-30

Mastery of writing in Arabic is closely related to students’ ability to use accurate vocabulary and orthographic rules, since both aspects are essential for developing overall language skills. However, in practice, various orthographic and lexical errors are still commonly found, which affect students’ writing proficiency. This study aims to identify the types of orthographic and lexical errors in Arabic writing and to analyze the underlying factors. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach involving grade XI students of MAN 1 Kota Kediri. Data were collected through document analysis, interviews, observations, and writing tests, and then analyzed to uncover patterns of errors and their causes. The findings reveal four main types of errors: incorrect letter writing, misuse of diacritical marks (harakat), improper letter connections, and inappropriate word choice. The contributing factors include students’ limited mastery of basic Arabic, lack of fine motor skills, monotonous teaching methods, limited learning time, and insufficient access to learning resources. Based on these results, the study recommends the application of more contextual teaching strategies, the provision of intensive writing practice, and the creation of a more supportive learning environment to enhance students’ writing skills.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SINGING METHOD IN ARABIC VOCABULARY MEMORIZATION FOR FIRST GRADERS

Satni — 2025-09-25

Songs can actually make the listener feel happy and calm when listening to it. Not only for refreshing, it turns out that singing can be used in learning Arabic so that students do not get bored quickly when learning. This research is a field research conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ats-tsauroh Serang City. While the type of research is experimental research by dividing 2 class groups, namely the experimental class and the control class In its implementation, the experimental class and the control class are given a pre-test to find out the initial condition of whether there is a difference between the experimental class and the control class, then look for the effect of treatment through the post-test on both groups. This research uses a quantitative approach. Data obtained through tests, observations, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. This difference can be seen from the change in the average pre-test to post-test scores in each class (experimental class and control class). The average pre-test score was 45 and the post-test score was 85 in the experimental class, while in the control class the average pre-test score was 40 and the post-test score was 65. Thus it can be concluded that teaching Arabic vocabulary by using the singing method is proven effective to improve students' memorization of Arabic mufradat.

TOMLINSON'S THEORY IN ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING INNOVATION IN INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS

Laili Mas Ulliyah Hasan — 2026-04-30

Arabic language learning in inclusive schools faces challenges in accommodating the diversity of students with special needs. MTs Wachid Hasyim Surabaya, as an inclusive school, has implemented a differentiated learning approach based on Tomlinson's Theory, which focuses on adjusting content, process, product, and learning environment according to the individual needs of students. This school has students with various special needs, including hearing impairments, speech impairments, ADHD, slow learners, and special emotional needs, who require innovative learning strategies in order to actively participate in Arabic language learning. This study aims to investigate innovations in Arabic language learning based on curriculum differentiation according to Tomlinson's Theory at MTs Wachid Hasyim Surabaya. A qualitative approach using a single case study method was used to identify the forms of learning innovation applied and their effectiveness in improving Arabic language comprehension and skills for students with special needs. Data collection was conducted through classroom observation, interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of learning documents. The results showed that the application of Tomlinson's Theory in differentiated learning had a positive impact on the motivation, participation, and understanding of students with special needs in Arabic language learning. The learning innovations applied included: (1) content differentiation through adjusting the level of complexity of vocabulary and sentence structure; (2) process differentiation through the use of multisensory methods and visual-auditory-based interactive media; (3) product differentiation through varying assessment forms and tasks according to student abilities; and (4) learning environment differentiation through flexible and supportive classroom settings. These strategies have been proven to help increase student engagement in learning. Thus, this Tomlinson Theory-based learning differentiation model can be used as a reference in the development of Arabic language learning in other inclusive schools.

ANALYSIS OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT AT THE AL-NOOR INSTITUTE IN PADANGSIDEMPUAN

Muhammad Firdaus Lubis — 2025-09-25

The researcher was intrigued by the development of the Arabic language environment at An-Nur Institute, Padangsidimpuan, particularly between 2013 and 2016, when a dynamic Arabic-speaking atmosphere emerged. This environment resulted fromemotional, physical, and intellectual efforts by teachers and supervisors who implemented systems, regulations, and language programs. However, despite these efforts, students still do not consistently use Arabic daily, revealing a gap between the intended environment and actual practice. This study aims to analyze the Arabic language environment at An-Nur Institute and identify its supporting and hindering factors. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study design, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive qualitative analysis model (data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing). The findings reveal that although supporting factors such as location, digital applications, and qualified teachers exist, the absence of a unified strategy, standards of proficiency, and consistent monitoring has hindered the effectiveness of the Arabic language environment.

MORPHOLOGICAL ERRORS IN ARABIC WRITING AT DAARUL KHAIR ISLAMIC SCHOOL

Nita Zakiah — 2026-04-30

This study examines morphological error analysis (ṣarf) as an effort to minimize errors in Arabic language learning. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design and was conducted among second-grade students at Daarul Khair Islamic Boarding School, Kotabumi. The data were collected from students’ insya (Arabic written compositions) through written tests and document analysis. The study aims to identify common morphological errors made by students in learning Arabic and to propose instructional strategies to address these errors. The findings reveal that the morphological errors predominantly occur in the use of taṣrīf lughawī (verb conjugation based on pronouns) and taṣrīf iṣṭilāḥī (derivational and functional word forms). The causes of these errors include interlingual factors arising from differences between the grammatical systems of the students’ first language (Indonesian) and Arabic as the target language, intralingual factors related to the complexity of Arabic morphological rules, and performance factors such as educational background, psychological conditions, and the learning environment. These findings highlight the importance of focused morphological instruction and systematic practice in improving students’ Arabic writing skills.

ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS IN FRIDAY SERMONS AT MASJID AL-HARAM

Shofia Rosyida — 2025-09-25

Friday sermons are an important act of worship in Islam that not only convey religious teachings but also contain illocutionary speech acts. This study aims to examine the types of illocutionary speech acts found in the Friday sermons of Sheikh Bandar Balilah and Sheikh Su’ud Asy-Syuraim at the Grand Mosque (Masjid al-Haram). The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data sourced from transcripts of the sermons and their translations, obtained from the YouTube channels Fawaid Haramain and Khutbah Al-Haramain. Data collection techniques include observation, listening, and note-taking. The results show that in Sheikh Bandar Balilah's Friday sermon, a total of 63 illocutionary speech acts were identified. Among these, directive speech acts dominated with 43 occurrences (68%), followed by assertive acts with 10 occurrences (16%), and both expressive and commissive acts with 5 occurrences each (8%). In the Friday sermon delivered by Sheikh Su’ud Asy-Syuraim, 79 illocutionary speech acts were found. These consisted of 32 directive acts (40%), 26 assertive acts (33%), 17 expressive acts (22%), 3 commissive acts (4%), and 1 declarative act (1%).

ENHANCING ARABIC LANGUAGE COMPETENCE THROUGH THE HELLOTALK APPLICATION

Yulia Rusiadi — 2025-09-25

The background of this research departs from the need for learning media that can be an intermediary for direct communication between students and native Arabic speakers. In the modern era of digital education, mobile applications have become essential tools for language acquisition. One such application, HelloTalk, offers interactive features that allow learners to engage in real-time conversations with native speakers. This study aims to examine how the application contributes to the development of Arabic speaking skills—particularly in terms of vocabulary (mufradat), grammar (qawaid), and oral expression (maharah al-kalam). Furthermore, it seeks to explore the benefits and limitations of HelloTalk as perceived by its users, providing insights into both the opportunities and challenges faced in the process of learning Arabic through digital platformsThe research method used is descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that Hello Talk contributes positively to vocabulary improvement, vocabulary accuracy, and speaking fluency. Features such as voice note, room chat, hello Arabic, auto-correction, and other supporting features, and interaction with native speakers encourage more contextual and meaningful learning. However, this study also found obstacles such as limited internet access, lack of response from native speakers, not focusing on learning, and privacy concerns.

THE ETHICS OF CARING FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE PATIENTS IN ḤANĀ MĪNAH’S NOVEL AL-MAṢĀBĪḤ AL-ZURQ

Teguh Luhuringbudi — 2025-09-25

The novel al-Maṣābīḥal-Zurq presents a case study on tuberculosis as an infectious disease experienced by patients, which requires an ethic of care. This research paper aims to examine how the ethic of care is presented and represented in fictional instincts, narratives, and Arabic rhetoric. This research paper examines the presentation and representation of the ethic of care in the novel al-Maṣābīḥal-Zurq by Ḥanā Mīnah (1954), specifically in relation to tuberculosis as an infectious disease experienced by patients. Textual data such as dialogue and monologue in the novel al-Maṣābīḥal-Zurq are determined through reduction, interpretation, and display techniques by taking into account interdisciplinary styles that include Freud's Psychoanalysis, Gill Branston and Roy Stafford's Narratives, and Rumadani Sagala's Balāghah. The research results indicate that the ethic of care is influenced by poor emotional control, the complex relationship between events and the personalities of fictional characters, and the communication styles employed by novelists. These factors contribute to an increased sustainability orientation in human social interaction. This study contributes to the understanding of how ethics of care are portrayed in Arabic literature dealing with infectious diseases, offering a basis for further comparative literary analysis.

MODERN ARABIC POETRY CRITICSM FORM AHMAD AMIN’S PERSPECTIVE

Ni'ma Royyin Husnaya — 2025-09-25

The development of modern Arabic literature has brought about significant changes in the field of Arabic poetry, mainly due to the influence of Western literary traditions that encouraged poets to move away from classical Arabic conventions. Many modern Arab poets began to abandon the rules of 'arūḍ and traditional poetic structures, resulting in a shift away from the classical characteristics of Arabic poetry. This situation sparked a debate among Arab intellectuals regarding the essence and identity of Arabic poetry in the modern era. Against this background, Ahmad Amīn, through his book An-Naqd al-Adabī, offered a critical reflection on poetry and emphasized the importance of preserving the heritage of Arabic literary tradition. This research aims to describe the concept of poetry criticism in Ahmad Amīn's view in An-Naqd al-Adabī. This research uses a type of library research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that as a historian, Ahmad Amin emphasized the historical-cultural approach in literature, where literature is seen not as something that stands alone, but rather the result of the historical, social, and cultural context of a society. Nonetheless, he retains the values of classical literature, where he believes literature should retain its moral function; by building morals and providing role models.

THE TRANSLATION STUDY OF KALĀM INSYĀ’Ī THALABĪ IN THE BOOK MATN HADITH ARBA'ĪN QUR’ĀNIYYAH

Fauzi Hidayatulloh — 2025-04-30

The book Matan Hadith Arba'īn Qur'āniyyah is a book of 40 saheeh hadiths about the virtues of reading, memorizing, studying, and teaching the Qur'an. Discuss the manners that must be possessed by the memorizers of the Qur'an and warn against taking worldly advantage of the Qur'an. This research was conducted to describe the types of kalām insyā'i thalabī and translation techniques in the book Matan Hadith Arba'īn Qur'āniyyah. The method applied in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, while the data in this study is in the form of the translation of kalām insyā'i thalabī in the book Matan Hadith Arba'īn Qur'āniyyah. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation techniques, questionnaires, observation and recording techniques. The results of this research are as follows: The translation book of Matan Hadith Arba'īn Qur'āniyyah has 5 types of kalām insyā'i thalabī, namely amr, nahyi, nida', tamannī, and istifhām. Each type of kalām insyā'i thalabī is amr 20 (39.2%), nahyi 2 data (3.9%), nida' 12 data (23.5%), tamannī 2 data (3.9%), and istifhām 15 data (29.4%). The translation of kalām insyā'i thalabī in the book Matan Hadith Arbā'in Qur'āniyyah uses 11 translation techniques, namely literal 3 data (2.8%), borrowing 22 data (19.4%), kalke 6 data (6.4%), common equivalent 46 data (42.6%), amplification of 14 data (12.9%), discursive creation of 4 data (3.7%), linguistic amplification of 3 data (2.8%), description of 2 data (1.8%), compensation of 4 data (3.8%), modulation of 1 data (1%), reduction of 3 data (2.8%).

SOCIAL MEDIA AS A PLATFORM FOR ARABIC LEARNING: EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Aifanisa Rahman — 2025-04-30

The digital era has brought significant transformations to education, including Arabic language learning in Indonesia. The integration of technology, particularly social media, has opened vast opportunities to enhance accessibility, efficiency, and interactivity in the learning process. Social media features, such as interactive discussions through WhatsApp groups and live comments on Instagram, enrich the learning experience. However, optimizing social media for Arabic learning also presents challenges, such as technological dependency, distractions, and privacy issues. This research employs a qualitative approach with a literature review design to analyze the role of social media in Arabic language learning in the digital era. The findings indicate that social media supports community-based learning, innovative teaching materials, and individual needs adaptation. Nonetheless, addressing challenges requires actions like developing digital curricula, standardizing content, and improving digital literacy for educators and students. These strategies are essential to harness social media's potential optimally while mitigating risks. Overall, social media holds great potential as a catalyst for Arabic language learning. With the right approach, social media can become not only a supplementary tool but also an integral part of modern learning strategies, effectively supporting Arabic proficiency.

THE ROLE OF THE ONLINE PLATFORM SASTRAARAB.COM IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ARABIC LITERATURE (A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE STUDY)

Muhammad Sayyidul Arwan — 2025-04-30

This article examines the role of the online platform Sastraarab.com in the internationalization of Arabic literature. The study is grounded in the empirical reality that online media has become a vital space for literature enthusiasts worldwide. The main question explored is how Sastraarab.com significantly contributes to this internationalization. Using descriptive analysis, the article draws on primary data from the website and secondary sources such as literature, journal articles, and news media. The findings reveal: (1) Sastraarab.com plays a crucial role by providing Arabic literary discourse within Indonesia’s multiethnic society, simultaneously influencing Indonesian literature; (2) its impact spans intellectual development, translation activities, and media growth, marking it as a major driver of Arabic literature’s reach in Indonesia; (3) internationalizing Arabic literature is essential for fostering intercultural dialogue, breaking stereotypes, enhancing Arab contributions to global civilization, facilitating knowledge exchange, expanding Arabic literary markets, and reinforcing Arab identity in the global era. By promoting Arabic literature internationally, Sastraarab.com helps offer the world richer perspectives on human experience from the Arab world, contributing to a more inclusive and respectful global culture.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING KAHOOT IN TEACHING ARABIC EXPRESSION TO IMPROVE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Yanti Mardiyanti — 2024-12-16

The teaching of al-Ta'bir al-Araby is a new program in the field of Arabic language instruction for non-native speakers in this digital era, where this type of learning focuses on the needs of students to improve their speaking and writing skills. In this context, various issues arise in the learning process faced by instructors at the School of Humanities and Islamic Culture Riyadhul 'Ulum Tasikmalaya in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature in the 3rd semester. The low interest of students in learning is one of the reasons for the low academic performance in the al-Ta'bir al-Araby course. This study aims to test the effectiveness of using Kahoot in the al-Ta'bir al-Araby course to improve students' learning outcomes. The method used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The analysis methods used include tests, interviews, and written documents. The results of the study show that the use of Kahoot has a significant effect on improving students' learning outcomes in the al-Ta'bir al-Araby course.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR’AN: A STUDY OF DILALAH AND NAHWIYAH

Devi Surya Aljanah Devi — 2024-12-16

The Qur’an, as a comprehensive source of knowledge, serves as a fundamental reference for scholars in understanding linguistic laws. Its miraculous nature provides guidance (Al-Huda) applicable across eras, fostering the development of broad sciences. Among the diverse vocabularies in the Qur’an, words related to “woman” hold significant linguistic and contextual value. This study focuses on exploring the role of womwn in the linguistic perspective analyzing their nahwiyah (syntax) aspects, a vital branch of Arabic linguistics. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, emphasizing textual analysis of verses and contextual interpretations (dilalah). Data is drawn from relevant linguistic literature and analyzed to uncover deeper insights into these terms. The findings indicate that the Qur’an contains several vocabulary words meaning “woman” in various forms, such as إمرئة (imra’ah), الأم (al-umm), بنت(bint), and نساء (nisa’). Their meanings can vary depending on the sentence context and syntactic structure. The study aims to inspire further research into similar vocabularies and their implications within Islamic and societal frameworks.

PSYCHOANALYTIC DYNAMICS IN THE POEM AJMALU AL-HUBB BY MAHMOUD DARWISH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SIGMUND FREUD

Alwah Asaniah — 2024-12-16

Mahmoud Darwish's poem Ajmalul Hubb is a literary work renowned for depicting the profound feelings of love, yet it also contains inner conflicts related to uncertainty and anxiety about the future. The poem reflects the complexity of human emotions, where love is not only seen as a romantic feeling, but is also affected by deep psychological upheaval. The purpose of this study is to identify the sentences in the poem Ajmalul Hubb by Mahmud Darwish that describe a love experienced. The data source of this research is Mahmud Darwish's Ajmalul Hubb poem. This research uses qualitative descriptive methodology. Data were collected through reading and note-taking, which involved understanding the correlation between theory and data, as well as categorising information based on the concepts of id, ego, and superego. The results of the study show that the poem is not only a linguistic aesthetic expression, but also a reflection of a deep psychological state, which can be understood through the lens of Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The findings may provide additional insights for the reader

LOVE’S REPRESENTATION IN KALAM EINEH LYRICS:A SEMIOTIC PERSPECTIVE BY ROLAND BARTHES

Muhamad Saiful Mukminin — 2024-12-16

The research aims to explore the denotative, connotative, and mythological meanings of the lyrics of Kalam Eineh by Sherine Abdel Wahab. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach with textual analysis. The data are obtained from the song lyrics sourced from YouTube. The analysis is conducted in three stages according to Roland Barthes' semiotic model. First, denotative meaning is analyzed through literal interpretation. Second, connotative meaning is examined to identify emotional values and symbols. Third, mythological meaning is analyzed to uncover broader cultural narratives. The findings indicate that the lyrics of Kalam Eineh reflect a complex experience of love. At the denotative level, love is depicted through the symbolism of the eyes and intimate gestures, while at the connotative level, the lyrics emphasize sacrifice and emotional harmony. In terms of myth, love is understood as a magical force that transcends human limitations, creating a reflection of Arab cultural values in the context of interpersonal relationships