Muaddib: Journal of Arabic Language and Literature

AN ANALYSIS OF KHALIL GIBRAN’S POEM AL-UMM USING ROMAN JAKOBSON’S FORMALIST THEORY

Yusril Muhammad Nur, Agung Setiyawan (Author) — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze Khalil Gibran’s poem Al-Umm (الأم) using Roman Jakobson’s formalist theory, with particular emphasis on the poetic function and the linguistic representation of maternal love and a child’s affection toward the mother. The research adopts a qualitative interpretive approach that relies on close textual analysis to explore meaning as constructed through internal linguistic and stylistic features rather than external historical or biographical contexts. The primary data source is the poem Al-Umm, while data collection was conducted through careful reading and systematic note-taking. In this analysis, data reduction refers to the process of selecting, classifying, and focusing on relevant linguistic elements—such as figurative language, repetition, and imagery—that are directly related to Jakobson’s formalist framework. Data were then analyzed through interpretative procedures followed by conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the poem highlights the role and character of a mother in shaping her children, as well as the emotional responses of children toward their mother, conveyed through expressive and symbolic language. To enhance its aesthetic structure and thematic depth, the poem employs six major language styles: poetic exaggeration (hyperbole), simile, repetition, anecdotal expression, representation or imagery, and associative language.

SEMANTIC SHIFTS IN LABĪD IBN RABĪʿAH’S POETRY FROM JĀHILIYYAH TO EARLY ISLAM

Amanda Rheyna Athaya, Muhsin, Khaerun Nisa Nuur (Author) — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines semantic shifts in the poetry of Labīd ibn Rabīʿah, a prominent pre-Islamic poet who later embraced Islam, through the lens of Stephen Ullmann’s historical semantic theory. The research aims to investigate how Labīd’s lexical choices reflect the cultural and ideological transition from the Jāhiliyyah period to early Islam. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with a historical-semantic approach, the study analyzes selected verses composed after Labīd’s conversion, integrating semantic and contextual interpretation. The findings reveal multiple types of semantic change, including amelioration, pejoration, broadening, narrowing, and complete semantic shift, indicating a substantial transformation in Labīd’s diction as his worldview evolved from tribal heroism and material values toward faith-based moral principles. Lexical items such as al-anyāb (الأنياب), aswad (أسود), hirāwah (هِراوة), yajūd (يَجود), and al-ḍujūʿ (الضجوع) exemplify how meaning developed in parallel with broader socio-religious change. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of Labīd’s pre-Islamic and early Islamic lexicon using Ullmann’s framework—an approach rarely employed in previous scholarship—and in its systematic mapping of semantic patterns within an ideological context. This research contributes to historical semantic studies of Arabic poetry by bridging linguistic analysis with cultural and religious transformation.

I'LAL AND IBDAL IN THE POETRY OF AHMED SHAWQI (AN ANALYTICAL MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY)

Hanifah Millah, Titim Siti Fatimah, Faiz Azhari (Author) — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Arabic linguistics encompasses a broad range of disciplines traditionally classified into thirteen branches, including morphology and syntax as the core of grammatical studies, as well as semantics, rhetoric, prosody, rhyme, literary history, and lexicology. Among these branches, morphology occupies a central position because it examines the structural formation of Arabic words, covering original and additional letters, sound and weak letters, and their various morphological patterns. Within this field, the phenomena of iʿlāl and ibdāl are particularly important, as they function not only as morphological processes but also as aesthetic and phonological devices that support rhythmic balance in Arabic poetry. Iʿlāl refers to changes involving weak letters to meet linguistic or metrical requirements, whereas ibdāl involves the substitution of one letter for another to achieve phonetic harmony. This study aims to identify the forms of words containing iʿlāl and ibdāl in the poetry of Ahmad Shawqi and to analyze the factors that cause their occurrence as well as their effects on word formation. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach supported by analytical methods applied to selected poetic verses. The findings reveal several categories of iʿlāl in Shawqi’s poetry, including 30 instances of iʿlāl bi al-qalb, 5 instances of iʿlāl bi al-ḥadhf, 1 instance of iʿlāl bi al-taskīn, 2 instances of iʿlāl bi al-qalb wa al-ḥadhf, and 1 instance of iʿlāl bi al-taskīn wa al-qalb. This study is expected to contribute to the enrichment of morphological and stylistic studies in Arabic literary research.

AN ANALYSIS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC AND LEXICAL ERRORS IN WRITTEN ARABIC

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mastery of writing in Arabic is closely related to students’ ability to use accurate vocabulary and orthographic rules, since both aspects are essential for developing overall language skills. However, in practice, various orthographic and lexical errors are still commonly found, which affect students’ writing proficiency. This study aims to identify the types of orthographic and lexical errors in Arabic writing and to analyze the underlying factors. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach involving grade XI students of MAN 1 Kota Kediri. Data were collected through document analysis, interviews, observations, and writing tests, and then analyzed to uncover patterns of errors and their causes. The findings reveal four main types of errors: incorrect letter writing, misuse of diacritical marks (harakat), improper letter connections, and inappropriate word choice. The contributing factors include students’ limited mastery of basic Arabic, lack of fine motor skills, monotonous teaching methods, limited learning time, and insufficient access to learning resources. Based on these results, the study recommends the application of more contextual teaching strategies, the provision of intensive writing practice, and the creation of a more supportive learning environment to enhance students’ writing skills.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SINGING METHOD IN ARABIC VOCABULARY MEMORIZATION FOR FIRST GRADERS

Satni, Siti Shalihah, Yuyun Rohmatul Uyuni — Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Songs can actually make the listener feel happy and calm when listening to it. Not only for refreshing, it turns out that singing can be used in learning Arabic so that students do not get bored quickly when learning. This research is a field research conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ats-tsauroh Serang City. While the type of research is experimental research by dividing 2 class groups, namely the experimental class and the control class In its implementation, the experimental class and the control class are given a pre-test to find out the initial condition of whether there is a difference between the experimental class and the control class, then look for the effect of treatment through the post-test on both groups. This research uses a quantitative approach. Data obtained through tests, observations, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. This difference can be seen from the change in the average pre-test to post-test scores in each class (experimental class and control class). The average pre-test score was 45 and the post-test score was 85 in the experimental class, while in the control class the average pre-test score was 40 and the post-test score was 65. Thus it can be concluded that teaching Arabic vocabulary by using the singing method is proven effective to improve students' memorization of Arabic mufradat.

TOMLINSON'S THEORY IN ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING INNOVATION IN INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS

Laili Mas Ulliyah Hasan, Siti Durotun Naseha, Gautama Veri Vetiana (Author) — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Arabic language learning in inclusive schools faces challenges in accommodating the diversity of students with special needs. MTs Wachid Hasyim Surabaya, as an inclusive school, has implemented a differentiated learning approach based on Tomlinson's Theory, which focuses on adjusting content, process, product, and learning environment according to the individual needs of students. This school has students with various special needs, including hearing impairments, speech impairments, ADHD, slow learners, and special emotional needs, who require innovative learning strategies in order to actively participate in Arabic language learning. This study aims to investigate innovations in Arabic language learning based on curriculum differentiation according to Tomlinson's Theory at MTs Wachid Hasyim Surabaya. A qualitative approach using a single case study method was used to identify the forms of learning innovation applied and their effectiveness in improving Arabic language comprehension and skills for students with special needs. Data collection was conducted through classroom observation, interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of learning documents. The results showed that the application of Tomlinson's Theory in differentiated learning had a positive impact on the motivation, participation, and understanding of students with special needs in Arabic language learning. The learning innovations applied included: (1) content differentiation through adjusting the level of complexity of vocabulary and sentence structure; (2) process differentiation through the use of multisensory methods and visual-auditory-based interactive media; (3) product differentiation through varying assessment forms and tasks according to student abilities; and (4) learning environment differentiation through flexible and supportive classroom settings. These strategies have been proven to help increase student engagement in learning. Thus, this Tomlinson Theory-based learning differentiation model can be used as a reference in the development of Arabic language learning in other inclusive schools.

ANALYSIS OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT AT THE AL-NOOR INSTITUTE IN PADANGSIDEMPUAN

Muhammad Firdaus Lubis, Sopian Sinaga, Fian Triadi — Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The researcher was intrigued by the development of the Arabic language environment at An-Nur Institute, Padangsidimpuan, particularly between 2013 and 2016, when a dynamic Arabic-speaking atmosphere emerged. This environment resulted fromemotional, physical, and intellectual efforts by teachers and supervisors who implemented systems, regulations, and language programs. However, despite these efforts, students still do not consistently use Arabic daily, revealing a gap between the intended environment and actual practice. This study aims to analyze the Arabic language environment at An-Nur Institute and identify its supporting and hindering factors. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study design, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive qualitative analysis model (data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing). The findings reveal that although supporting factors such as location, digital applications, and qualified teachers exist, the absence of a unified strategy, standards of proficiency, and consistent monitoring has hindered the effectiveness of the Arabic language environment.

MORPHOLOGICAL ERRORS IN ARABIC WRITING AT DAARUL KHAIR ISLAMIC SCHOOL

Nita Zakiah, Puji Rahayu (Author) — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines morphological error analysis (ṣarf) as an effort to minimize errors in Arabic language learning. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design and was conducted among second-grade students at Daarul Khair Islamic Boarding School, Kotabumi. The data were collected from students’ insya (Arabic written compositions) through written tests and document analysis. The study aims to identify common morphological errors made by students in learning Arabic and to propose instructional strategies to address these errors. The findings reveal that the morphological errors predominantly occur in the use of taṣrīf lughawī (verb conjugation based on pronouns) and taṣrīf iṣṭilāḥī (derivational and functional word forms). The causes of these errors include interlingual factors arising from differences between the grammatical systems of the students’ first language (Indonesian) and Arabic as the target language, intralingual factors related to the complexity of Arabic morphological rules, and performance factors such as educational background, psychological conditions, and the learning environment. These findings highlight the importance of focused morphological instruction and systematic practice in improving students’ Arabic writing skills.

ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS IN FRIDAY SERMONS AT MASJID AL-HARAM

Shofia Rosyida, Muhammad Yunus Anis — Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Friday sermons are an important act of worship in Islam that not only convey religious teachings but also contain illocutionary speech acts. This study aims to examine the types of illocutionary speech acts found in the Friday sermons of Sheikh Bandar Balilah and Sheikh Su’ud Asy-Syuraim at the Grand Mosque (Masjid al-Haram). The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data sourced from transcripts of the sermons and their translations, obtained from the YouTube channels Fawaid Haramain and Khutbah Al-Haramain. Data collection techniques include observation, listening, and note-taking. The results show that in Sheikh Bandar Balilah's Friday sermon, a total of 63 illocutionary speech acts were identified. Among these, directive speech acts dominated with 43 occurrences (68%), followed by assertive acts with 10 occurrences (16%), and both expressive and commissive acts with 5 occurrences each (8%). In the Friday sermon delivered by Sheikh Su’ud Asy-Syuraim, 79 illocutionary speech acts were found. These consisted of 32 directive acts (40%), 26 assertive acts (33%), 17 expressive acts (22%), 3 commissive acts (4%), and 1 declarative act (1%).

ENHANCING ARABIC LANGUAGE COMPETENCE THROUGH THE HELLOTALK APPLICATION

Yulia Rusiadi, Ade Ritonga — Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The background of this research departs from the need for learning media that can be an intermediary for direct communication between students and native Arabic speakers. In the modern era of digital education, mobile applications have become essential tools for language acquisition. One such application, HelloTalk, offers interactive features that allow learners to engage in real-time conversations with native speakers. This study aims to examine how the application contributes to the development of Arabic speaking skills—particularly in terms of vocabulary (mufradat), grammar (qawaid), and oral expression (maharah al-kalam). Furthermore, it seeks to explore the benefits and limitations of HelloTalk as perceived by its users, providing insights into both the opportunities and challenges faced in the process of learning Arabic through digital platformsThe research method used is descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that Hello Talk contributes positively to vocabulary improvement, vocabulary accuracy, and speaking fluency. Features such as voice note, room chat, hello Arabic, auto-correction, and other supporting features, and interaction with native speakers encourage more contextual and meaningful learning. However, this study also found obstacles such as limited internet access, lack of response from native speakers, not focusing on learning, and privacy concerns.

THE ETHICS OF CARING FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE PATIENTS IN ḤANĀ MĪNAH’S NOVEL AL-MAṢĀBĪḤ AL-ZURQ

Teguh Luhuringbudi, Ahmad Thib Raya, Satori Islamil, Tubagus Ade Asnawi — Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The novel al-Maṣābīḥal-Zurq presents a case study on tuberculosis as an infectious disease experienced by patients, which requires an ethic of care. This research paper aims to examine how the ethic of care is presented and represented in fictional instincts, narratives, and Arabic rhetoric. This research paper examines the presentation and representation of the ethic of care in the novel al-Maṣābīḥal-Zurq by Ḥanā Mīnah (1954), specifically in relation to tuberculosis as an infectious disease experienced by patients. Textual data such as dialogue and monologue in the novel al-Maṣābīḥal-Zurq are determined through reduction, interpretation, and display techniques by taking into account interdisciplinary styles that include Freud's Psychoanalysis, Gill Branston and Roy Stafford's Narratives, and Rumadani Sagala's Balāghah. The research results indicate that the ethic of care is influenced by poor emotional control, the complex relationship between events and the personalities of fictional characters, and the communication styles employed by novelists. These factors contribute to an increased sustainability orientation in human social interaction. This study contributes to the understanding of how ethics of care are portrayed in Arabic literature dealing with infectious diseases, offering a basis for further comparative literary analysis.

MODERN ARABIC POETRY CRITICSM FORM AHMAD AMIN’S PERSPECTIVE

Ni'ma Royyin Husnaya, Titin Ardiyanti, Saddam Reza Hamidi, Nida Adzkiya — Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The development of modern Arabic literature has brought about significant changes in the field of Arabic poetry, mainly due to the influence of Western literary traditions that encouraged poets to move away from classical Arabic conventions. Many modern Arab poets began to abandon the rules of 'arūḍ and traditional poetic structures, resulting in a shift away from the classical characteristics of Arabic poetry. This situation sparked a debate among Arab intellectuals regarding the essence and identity of Arabic poetry in the modern era. Against this background, Ahmad Amīn, through his book An-Naqd al-Adabī, offered a critical reflection on poetry and emphasized the importance of preserving the heritage of Arabic literary tradition. This research aims to describe the concept of poetry criticism in Ahmad Amīn's view in An-Naqd al-Adabī. This research uses a type of library research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that as a historian, Ahmad Amin emphasized the historical-cultural approach in literature, where literature is seen not as something that stands alone, but rather the result of the historical, social, and cultural context of a society. Nonetheless, he retains the values of classical literature, where he believes literature should retain its moral function; by building morals and providing role models.

THE TRANSLATION STUDY OF KALĀM INSYĀ’Ī THALABĪ IN THE BOOK MATN HADITH ARBA'ĪN QUR’ĀNIYYAH

Fauzi Hidayatulloh, Muhammad Yunus Anis — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The book Matan Hadith Arba'īn Qur'āniyyah is a book of 40 saheeh hadiths about the virtues of reading, memorizing, studying, and teaching the Qur'an. Discuss the manners that must be possessed by the memorizers of the Qur'an and warn against taking worldly advantage of the Qur'an. This research was conducted to describe the types of kalām insyā'i thalabī and translation techniques in the book Matan Hadith Arba'īn Qur'āniyyah. The method applied in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, while the data in this study is in the form of the translation of kalām insyā'i thalabī in the book Matan Hadith Arba'īn Qur'āniyyah. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation techniques, questionnaires, observation and recording techniques. The results of this research are as follows: The translation book of Matan Hadith Arba'īn Qur'āniyyah has 5 types of kalām insyā'i thalabī, namely amr, nahyi, nida', tamannī, and istifhām. Each type of kalām insyā'i thalabī is amr 20 (39.2%), nahyi 2 data (3.9%), nida' 12 data (23.5%), tamannī 2 data (3.9%), and istifhām 15 data (29.4%). The translation of kalām insyā'i thalabī in the book Matan Hadith Arbā'in Qur'āniyyah uses 11 translation techniques, namely literal 3 data (2.8%), borrowing 22 data (19.4%), kalke 6 data (6.4%), common equivalent 46 data (42.6%), amplification of 14 data (12.9%), discursive creation of 4 data (3.7%), linguistic amplification of 3 data (2.8%), description of 2 data (1.8%), compensation of 4 data (3.8%), modulation of 1 data (1%), reduction of 3 data (2.8%).

SOCIAL MEDIA AS A PLATFORM FOR ARABIC LEARNING: EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Aifanisa Rahman, Annisa Juliarti, Anggun Khairani, Suci Ramadhanti Febriani — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The digital era has brought significant transformations to education, including Arabic language learning in Indonesia. The integration of technology, particularly social media, has opened vast opportunities to enhance accessibility, efficiency, and interactivity in the learning process. Social media features, such as interactive discussions through WhatsApp groups and live comments on Instagram, enrich the learning experience. However, optimizing social media for Arabic learning also presents challenges, such as technological dependency, distractions, and privacy issues. This research employs a qualitative approach with a literature review design to analyze the role of social media in Arabic language learning in the digital era. The findings indicate that social media supports community-based learning, innovative teaching materials, and individual needs adaptation. Nonetheless, addressing challenges requires actions like developing digital curricula, standardizing content, and improving digital literacy for educators and students. These strategies are essential to harness social media's potential optimally while mitigating risks. Overall, social media holds great potential as a catalyst for Arabic language learning. With the right approach, social media can become not only a supplementary tool but also an integral part of modern learning strategies, effectively supporting Arabic proficiency.

THE ROLE OF THE ONLINE PLATFORM SASTRAARAB.COM IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ARABIC LITERATURE (A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE STUDY)

Muhammad Sayyidul Arwan, Ahmad Sirfi Fatoni — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the role of the online platform Sastraarab.com in the internationalization of Arabic literature. The study is grounded in the empirical reality that online media has become a vital space for literature enthusiasts worldwide. The main question explored is how Sastraarab.com significantly contributes to this internationalization. Using descriptive analysis, the article draws on primary data from the website and secondary sources such as literature, journal articles, and news media. The findings reveal: (1) Sastraarab.com plays a crucial role by providing Arabic literary discourse within Indonesia’s multiethnic society, simultaneously influencing Indonesian literature; (2) its impact spans intellectual development, translation activities, and media growth, marking it as a major driver of Arabic literature’s reach in Indonesia; (3) internationalizing Arabic literature is essential for fostering intercultural dialogue, breaking stereotypes, enhancing Arab contributions to global civilization, facilitating knowledge exchange, expanding Arabic literary markets, and reinforcing Arab identity in the global era. By promoting Arabic literature internationally, Sastraarab.com helps offer the world richer perspectives on human experience from the Arab world, contributing to a more inclusive and respectful global culture.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING KAHOOT IN TEACHING ARABIC EXPRESSION TO IMPROVE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Yanti Mardiyanti, Agus Riyadi, Emas Masruroh Masruroh — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The teaching of al-Ta'bir al-Araby is a new program in the field of Arabic language instruction for non-native speakers in this digital era, where this type of learning focuses on the needs of students to improve their speaking and writing skills. In this context, various issues arise in the learning process faced by instructors at the School of Humanities and Islamic Culture Riyadhul 'Ulum Tasikmalaya in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature in the 3rd semester. The low interest of students in learning is one of the reasons for the low academic performance in the al-Ta'bir al-Araby course. This study aims to test the effectiveness of using Kahoot in the al-Ta'bir al-Araby course to improve students' learning outcomes. The method used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The analysis methods used include tests, interviews, and written documents. The results of the study show that the use of Kahoot has a significant effect on improving students' learning outcomes in the al-Ta'bir al-Araby course.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR’AN: A STUDY OF DILALAH AND NAHWIYAH

Devi Surya Aljanah, Fachrul Ghzai, Ayu Aulia, Syaripudin Basyar, Sulthan Syahril — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Qur’an, as a comprehensive source of knowledge, serves as a fundamental reference for scholars in understanding linguistic laws. Its miraculous nature provides guidance (Al-Huda) applicable across eras, fostering the development of broad sciences. Among the diverse vocabularies in the Qur’an, words related to “woman” hold significant linguistic and contextual value. This study focuses on exploring the role of womwn in the linguistic perspective analyzing their nahwiyah (syntax) aspects, a vital branch of Arabic linguistics. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, emphasizing textual analysis of verses and contextual interpretations (dilalah). Data is drawn from relevant linguistic literature and analyzed to uncover deeper insights into these terms. The findings indicate that the Qur’an contains several vocabulary words meaning “woman” in various forms, such as إمرئة (imra’ah), الأم (al-umm), بنت(bint), and نساء (nisa’). Their meanings can vary depending on the sentence context and syntactic structure. The study aims to inspire further research into similar vocabularies and their implications within Islamic and societal frameworks.

PSYCHOANALYTIC DYNAMICS IN THE POEM AJMALU AL-HUBB BY MAHMOUD DARWISH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SIGMUND FREUD

Alwah Asaniah, Nushrotun Nida — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mahmoud Darwish's poem Ajmalul Hubb is a literary work renowned for depicting the profound feelings of love, yet it also contains inner conflicts related to uncertainty and anxiety about the future. The poem reflects the complexity of human emotions, where love is not only seen as a romantic feeling, but is also affected by deep psychological upheaval. The purpose of this study is to identify the sentences in the poem Ajmalul Hubb by Mahmud Darwish that describe a love experienced. The data source of this research is Mahmud Darwish's Ajmalul Hubb poem. This research uses qualitative descriptive methodology. Data were collected through reading and note-taking, which involved understanding the correlation between theory and data, as well as categorising information based on the concepts of id, ego, and superego. The results of the study show that the poem is not only a linguistic aesthetic expression, but also a reflection of a deep psychological state, which can be understood through the lens of Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The findings may provide additional insights for the reader

LOVE’S REPRESENTATION IN KALAM EINEH LYRICS:A SEMIOTIC PERSPECTIVE BY ROLAND BARTHES

Muhamad Saiful Mukminin — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to explore the denotative, connotative, and mythological meanings of the lyrics of Kalam Eineh by Sherine Abdel Wahab. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach with textual analysis. The data are obtained from the song lyrics sourced from YouTube. The analysis is conducted in three stages according to Roland Barthes' semiotic model. First, denotative meaning is analyzed through literal interpretation. Second, connotative meaning is examined to identify emotional values and symbols. Third, mythological meaning is analyzed to uncover broader cultural narratives. The findings indicate that the lyrics of Kalam Eineh reflect a complex experience of love. At the denotative level, love is depicted through the symbolism of the eyes and intimate gestures, while at the connotative level, the lyrics emphasize sacrifice and emotional harmony. In terms of myth, love is understood as a magical force that transcends human limitations, creating a reflection of Arab cultural values in the context of interpersonal relationships

RESISTANT DYSPHEMISM IN MIN AJLI HUWIYYAH’S POETRY BY AHLAM MOSTEGHANEMI

Dzikrul Hakim Tafuzi Mu'iz, Elisa Nurul Laili — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Ahlam Mosteghanemi uses dysphemism in the poem Min Ajli Huwiyyah to describe the identity crisis of Algerian Arabs influenced by French culture since the 1970s. This study aims to examine dysphemism as a form of inferiority of Arab identity represented by the Algerian nation towards France. The data were obtained using the documentation technique of Min Ajli Huwiyyah's poem and then analysed using the content analysis technique to interpret the data based on Allan-Burridge's dysphemism. The research findings show that literary works become a medium of resistance to disseminate resistance by presenting dysphemism through taboo terms, curses, physical epithets, racist expressions, and disrespectful mockery. In detail, the five indicators of dysphemism are found in these literary works that supported social criticism at that time. This study concludes that Min Ajli Huwiyyah reflects Algerian cultural resistance to French domination through dysphemistic expressions. The study recommends a more recent comparative analysis of literary works to understand the dynamics of modern Arab identity, especially in Algeria, which continues to evolve with the changing times.

ETHIOPIAN SOCIAL CONFLICT IN THE NOVEL AẒ-ẒILL AL-ASWAD BY NAJIB AL-KAILANI BASED ON RALF DAHRENDORF'S PERSPECTIVE

Muhammad Hadiyan Ihkam, Muhammad Musthofa — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to: (1) describe the form of social conflict between the empire and Ethiopian society in the novel Aẓ-Ẓill Al-Aswad by Najib Al-Kailani based on Ralf Dahrendorf's perspective; (2) explain the causes of social conflict between the empire and Ethiopian society in the novel Aẓ-Ẓill Al-Aswad by Najib Al-Kailani based on Ralf Dahrendorf's perspective; and (3) find out the impact of social conflict between the empire and Ethiopian society in the novel Aẓ-Ẓill Al-Aswad by Najib Al-Kailani based on Ralf Dahrendorf's perspective. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The data source of this research is the novel Aẓ-Ẓill Al-Aswad by Najib Al-Kailani. The data collection techniques used are reading techniques and note-taking techniques. From the data findings, researchers test the credibility of the data. The data analysis technique consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are: (1) the social conflict that occurred between the empire and the Ethiopian people based on Ralf Dahrendorf's perspective was arbitrary by the pseudo-group, cruel by the interest group, and rebellious by the conflict group; (2) the causes of social conflict between the empire and the Ethiopian people in the novel Aẓ-Ẓill Al-Aswad by Najib Al-Kailani based on Ralf Dahrendorf's perspective are pseudo-groups who want to maintain power, interest groups because they are arrogant, and conflict groups because they demand rights; and (3) the impact of social conflict between the empire and the Ethiopian people in the novel Aẓ-Ẓill Al-Aswad by Najib Al-Kailani based on Ralf Dahrendorf's perspective is rebellion and unity.

THE EFFECT OF THE AUDIO-VISUAL ASSISTED TALKING STICK METHOD ON ARABIC SPEAKING SKILL

Nurriyatul Masrifah, Ahmad Sholihuddin, Putri Kholida Faiqoh — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of audio-visual-assisted talking stick method in developing students' maharah kalam. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. The research instruments included observation, tests and documentation, with data analysis using Chi-Quadrat normality test, homogeneity test and independent sample T- Test. The results showed that the average value of the control class pretest was 55.2 and increased to 77.2 in the post-test. Meanwhile, the average value of the experimental class pretest was 54.6, which then increased to 81.4 in the post-test. The t-count value of 3.695 with a significance value of 0.001 shows that t> t _table, so _H0 is rejected and _Hais accepted. Thus, there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. The conclusion of this study is that the Talking Stick learning method assisted by audio-visual media has a positive and significant influence on the development of maharah kalam of seventh grade students at MTsN 2 Blitar City. The impact of applying this method includes increased student engagement in learning, strengthened active communication skills, and increased student confidence in using Arabic.

A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE SCIENCE OF MA‘ĀNĪ IN THE POETRY OF TA‘LĪM AL-MUTA‘ALLIM BY AL-ZARNŪJĪ

Mohammad Wijdan Faiq Fadhlillah, Yulianti, Agus Riyadi — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Ta’līm al-Muta‘allim is a significant classical text widely studied by students of Islamic knowledge. It includes numerous poems used to convey educational messages, advice, and learning methodologies. However, understanding these poems often becomes challenging due to the complexity of rhetorical terms such as khabar, insya’, and qashar. This study aims to examine the rhetorical purposes of the poems in Ta’līm al-Muta‘allim, with a focus on how they function within the framework of ‘ilm al-ma‘ānī (the science of meanings) in Arabic rhetoric. Adopting a qualitative approach using library research and documentation methods, the research applies descriptive and analytical techniques to identify and classify the rhetorical features found in the text. The research identifies 57 poetic verses across several chapters, categorized as follows: khabar ibtida’i (57), khabar talabi (8), insya’i talabi (114), insya’i ghair talabi (3), qashar (15), fasl (2), wasl (9), ijaz (9), itnab (4), and musawah (1). The most dominant aspect is insya’i talabi. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of ‘ilm al-ma‘ānī in Arabic literature and serves as a foundational reference for further studies in Arabic rhetoric

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JINAS IN JAUHARUL MAKNUN AND BALAGHAH WADIHAH ON MUALLAQAT

Nur Afifah, Rina Susanti — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to examine the concept of jinās as presented in the classical Arabic rhetoric books Jauharul Maknūn and Balāghah Wāḍihah, as applied to the poetry of Mu‘allaqāt by Umru al-Qais. The author is particularly interested in the more concise classification of jinās found in Balāghah Wāḍihah, in contrast to the extensive categorization in Jauharul Maknūn by Imam al-Akhḍarī. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive method using a comparative literature approach. The findings reveal that the theory of jinās according to Jauharul Maknūn offers a more detailed and systematic classification of jinās types. Consequently, more examples of jinās from Jauharul Maknūn are identified in the Mu‘allaqātof Umru al-Qais compared to those classified using the perspective of Balāghah Wāḍihah. The analysis shows that there are 21 types of jinās based on Jauharul Maknūn and 17 types based on Balāghah Wāḍihah, with 19 identical lines (bayt) of poetry analyzed. This suggests that Jauharul Maknūn provides a broader and more nuanced framework for interpreting rhetorical figures in Arabic classical poetry. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of Arabic rhetorical theory and highlights the importance of classical sources in analyzing literary texts.